In order for a virus like the COVID-19 virus to be detected early in the body using real time RT–PCR, scientists need to convert the RNA to DNA.
FRAGMENTS MEANING IN TELUGU CODE
Once inside the cell, the virus uses its own genetic code - RNA in the case of the COVID-19 virus - to take control of and ‘reprogramme’ the cells, turning them into virus-making factories. Some viruses such as the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19, only contain RNA, which means that they rely on infiltrating healthy cells to multiply and survive. Different variations of RNA are responsible for copying, transcribing and transmitting. RNA is generally a one-strand molecule that copies, transcribes and transmits parts of the genetic code to proteins so that they can synthetize and carry out functions that keep organisms alive and developing. This genetic material can be either deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA).ĭNA is a two-strand molecule that is found in all organisms, such as animals, plants and viruses, and which holds the genetic code, or blueprint, for how these organisms are made and develop. (Update on 16 November: Read our article on how the technology is used to track mutation of the virus and support vaccine research.)Ī virus is a microscopic package of genetic material surrounded by a molecular envelope. While many countries have used real time RT–PCR for diagnosing other diseases, such as Ebola virus and Zika virus, many need support in adapting this method for the COVID-19 virus, as well as in increasing their national testing capacities. Real time RT–PCR is one of the most widely used laboratory methods for detecting the COVID-19 virus. This technique allows scientists to see the results almost immediately while the process is still ongoing, whereas conventional RT–PCR only provides results at the end of the process. Originally, the method used radioactive isotope markers to detect targeted genetic materials, but subsequent refining has led to the replacement of isotopic labelling with special markers, most frequently fluorescent dyes. Real time RT–PCR is a nuclear-derived method for detecting the presence of specific genetic material in any pathogen, including a virus.
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